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Species Education

Sailfish

Sailfish are found throughout the world, with an Atlantic and Indo-Pacific subspecies. They are often considered the most iconic of all billfish for their extremely large and colorful dorsal fins. The sailfish is the fastest marine species!

Scientific Name

  • Istiophorus albicans (Atlantic Sailfish)
  • Istiophorus platypterus (Indo-Pacific Sailfish)
Photo Provided by: Capt. Chris Sheeder

Max Size

3 m and 100 kg (10 ft and 220 lb)

CONSERVATION

Status: Vulnerable

Top Speed

110 kph (68 mph)

Habitat

Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans

Behavior

Aggressive and very fast

Diet

Small fish and squid

Lifespan

Up to 15 years for both males and females

Species Education

What are Sailfish?

Sailfish are a smaller species of billfish found in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. They are known for their large sail-like dorsal fin that can be raised and lowered depending on the circumstance. The Indo-Pacific sailfish is the fastest fish in the world, with a recorded top speed of 110 kph (68 mph)! Their Atlantic counterparts are not far behind, only a few miles per hour slower. Sailfish are typically found in coastal waters, in depths from 30 to 90 meters (100 to 300 ft).
Capt. Chris Sheeder

Species Education

Questions about Sailfish

Casa Vieja Lodge

How big do Sailfish get?

While sailfish can reach substantial lengths, they are thinner in comparison other billfish. The maximum estimated size for a sailfish is 3.4 m (11 ft), but no more than 110 kg (220 lb). The largest sailfish caught was just over 90.7 kg (200 lb), but most sailfish caught by anglers are much smaller than this, roughly 13 to 27 kg (28.6-60 lb). They are extremely streamlined, built to fly like an arrow through the water. On average, Indo-Pacific sailfish tend to grow larger than Atlantic sailfish, but not by extreme amounts.
Capt. Chris Sheeder

Can you fish for Sailfish?

Yes! Sailfish are heavily sought after by recreational anglers, often being targeted for their acrobatics after being hooked. Both domestically and internationally, there are dozens of tournaments that focus solely on sailfish catch and release. Sailfish can be caught through traditional ways of billfishing, such as trolling and live baiting, but the majority of fishermen utilize kite fishing as the primary method of catching them.
Laurent Cherubin

Where do Sailfish live?

There are two subspecies of sailfish, the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific sailfish. Within these oceans, sailfish live in tropical waters, preferring temperatures between 21 and 28 degrees celsius (70 and 82 degrees fahrenheit). They are known for their yearly migration patterns, following the tropical cold fronts that bring in nutrients and bait species. Sailfish are found within the top hundred feet of the water column as their prey consists of surface-swimming species.

What do Sailfish eat?

Preferring to attack dense bait balls rather than scattered groups of prey, sailfish primarily eat schooling fish found near the surface. Their favorite prey are thought to be flying fish, but sailfish will hunt for sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and even squid.

How do Sailfish hunt?

Sailfish use their rostrums to hunt. Their high speed swimming allows them to easily penetrate large bait balls, where they can swipe their bill to stun multiple fish at once. Sailfish also have a unique hunting behavior referred to as “herding” that is not seen in any other billfish species. By hunting together as a coordinated group, sailfish will descend upon a bait ball and use their massive dorsal fins to keep the bait ball contained. While the prey is being circled, individual sailfish will take turns cutting through the condensed masses and picking off their prey.
Divan Coetzee

How long do Sailfish live for?

Despite their smaller size, sailfish have a proportionally long lifespan, with females and males both living up to 15 years. However, on average, sailfish tend to live four to seven years.
Anton Vilijoen

How do Sailfish reproduce?

Sailfish reproduce by broadcast spawning, a process where the females release thousands of eggs into the water, where they are externally fertilized by males. Unlike other billfish, sailfish have a unique mating ritual where females attract males by waving their sails above the surface. Sailfish can mate up to three times a year, each time utilizing this selection process.

Learn About Other Billfish Species

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